How to write effective essay: 2020

Tuesday, September 15, 2020

Is It Okay For Parents To Help Edit Their Childs College Essay?

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Is It Okay For Parents To Help Edit Their Childs College Essay?

Friday, September 11, 2020

7 Research Paper Writing Hints Which Work 10

7 Research Paper Writing Hints Which Work 10 social media interplay is now just as essential to most college students as face-to-face interplay. For this step-by-step tutorial of thesis examples, weâ€™re going to break issues down for tremendous effectivity so you possibly can create the backbone of the paper. But you donâ€™t have much time, so that you need to focus and slim your conceptsâ€"itâ€™s important to success. Mapping is a technique that permits you to freely record your ideas in a logical manner. So youâ€™ve accomplished the first two steps earlier than bed on the day your assigned the paper, now comes the robust stuff. You can voice your concerns about something you arenâ€™t pleased with. Print out your paper, fireplace up Natural Reader, and comply with alongside. Mark any spots that donâ€™t really feel proper and correct any last mistakes. Summarize the main points of this paper in your individual words. After you have finished that paper, itâ€™s important to go back and make massive-scale adjustments. The problem introduced was that instructors take away learning tools from students and replace them with much less interesting types of learning and cease social interplay with the classroom. As nicely, instructors give little attention to expertise-primarily based learning tools as an avenue for training. icons new View All PostsBookCourses icons new Productivity Masterclass Learn the way to create a system that works and reorganize your life. Hiring an essay helper is completely okay if youâ€™re drained after a day within the faculty or have work to do. When all you need is to easily have a great rest can also be comprehensible. Log in to your customer area on the positioning and download your new plagiarism-free paper, when the deadline comes. Fill out the order form fields, telling us what sort of paper you want. In a paper, itâ€™s simple to use simple transition phrasesâ€"therefore, consequently,and so forth. There is nothing mistaken with a transition word right here and there, but they're very easy to overuse. Youâ€™ve received a date with a chair and life-long studying. If you get stuck while writing, pull out this sentence and see the place youâ€™ve gone astray, or where you go to get back on monitor. In this paper, I will reveal my understanding of a linguistic idea I learned this semester and the way it relates to my field of research. Most blogs, likethis one,this one, andthis onemake utilizing transition phrases an necessary part of this process. Itâ€™s clear right here that individualsâ€™s skills to speak outline their cultural importance. This idea is loosely related to another thought the creator is writing towardsâ€"that these distinctive cultural differences are sometimes the offender for communication breakdown. It will, however, be a bit easier now that you understand precisely what your prof desires and youâ€™ve received a schedule in place. Youâ€™re going to fill out an hour or two of work every day, accounting for different lessons, social engagements, and precedence requirements. When making the schedule, set completion goals so that the time isnâ€™t open-ended. If your time is nebulous, you'll be more prone to drop the ball. While these things shall be extra particular than the earlier part, they arenâ€™t going to be hyper-particular, but broad sufficient to behave as a reference points for the rest of the paper. Teachers who refuse to use technology within the classroom usually are not engaging their college students and are disregarding their studentsâ€™ pure ways of studying and their social wants. To get an A on this paper, you have to perform with excellence in 3 categories and above common in at least 2 of the other categories. Your profs know whenever you donâ€™t take time prewriting, and so they know when youâ€™re being wishy-washy or only studying to bolster your opinion. Go by way of and find the ideas the prof desires you to cowl within the paper. I will demonstrate this information by staying organized, utilizing relevant research, and sticking to my thesis assertion. Itâ€™s clear from the highlighting and underlining that the prof wants an argumentative paper thatâ€™s nicely-organized and considerate. Note that there's nothing about originality on this rubric.

Thursday, September 10, 2020

How To Write A Scientific Review Research Paper

How To Write A Scientific Review Research Paper After all, you continue to have to write your research paper. If youâ€™re a college scholar, you will most likely have to put in writing no less than one school-level research paper before you graduate. Writing a great research paper could be daunting when you have by no means accomplished it earlier than. Once youâ€™ve completed Steps 1â€"9, itâ€™s positively time to take a break. Give your paper a day or two and provides it a ultimate read-by way of. It may be useful to print a duplicate of your paper and read a tough-copy when you have solely learn via it on a display up to now. You still donâ€™t want to worry, however it's time to make your paper as excellent as you probably can. Working from your own ideas will help you avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is the uncredited use of another personâ€™s words or ideas, whether you meant to use them with out credit score or not. Use quite a lot of sources, including journals, books and dependable websites, to make sure you don't miss anything glaring. You can attempt free writing, which involves taking a broad matter and writing continuously for 2 or three minutes to establish completely anything related that might be attention-grabbing. If you are crafting a paper from scratch, begin by studying via the above steps to learn to write a robust research paper. If you've already written a paper, go over this checklist to make sure that it is ready to turn in. Itâ€™s a free Chrome extension that permits you to edit your writing. Now that you simplyâ€™ve obtained a paper written, take a moment to congratulate yourself. You have accomplished plenty of work to get so far! You still need to edit your paper before itâ€™s prepared to show in. Remember the way you werenâ€™t supposed to fret about being good? And now what you have been waiting for â€" analysis! This step is fairly flexible; completely different people will analysis for a paper in different methods. However, itâ€™s important to stay centered and transfer fairly shortly. You can copy and paste your paper into the Grammarly editor and get spelling and grammar advice that's simple to implement. If youâ€™re on the lookout for extra help or want to use the software without leaving Microsoft Office, try Grammarly Premium or Grammarly for Microsoft Office. It also needs to show what evidence and reasoning youâ€™ll use to support that answer. Note any discussions that appear essential to the subject, and attempt to find a problem that you can focus your paper round. As you create an outline, assume critically about what you are attempting to clarify or communicate in your research paper and what construction allows you to do that in a clear, organized means. It often makes sense to have an introduction and conclusion, however what goes between will vary based on the contents of your essay. If you look at the above examples, every of them makes a particular level concerning the topic. Another key to crafting a strong thesis statement is making sure that your thesis is controversial. That doesnâ€™t imply itâ€™s controversial or particularly opinionated, but it does imply that someone could disagree. If you're just making one just for yourself, think about how you wish to organize your research. It would possibly make sense to bookmark assets in your internet browser or make a digital bibliography that permits you to hyperlink the sources you discovered. You would possibly discover mistakes or formatting issues that your eyes missed while reading in your pc. Once you could have read your research paper for a final time and double checked that your paper does every little thing the project is asking for, it's time to submit. However, itâ€™s necessary to remember when utilizing this software (or any spelling or grammar checker!) that it's a computer and subsequently doesnâ€™t always understand your writing. You have to go over each suggestion made by the software program and make sure that it is certainly correcting an error or enhancing a sentence and not changing one thing that you meant to say. Donâ€™t be afraid to achieve out to your instructor for assist, however be affordable and accountable about it. Just donâ€™t count on them that will help you in the course of the night time, on a weekend, or minutes before an project is due. Some instructors may, but you are simply fortunate at that time.

Monday, September 7, 2020

How To Write A Paper

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Friday, September 4, 2020

How To Write A Successful Research Paper

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How To Write A Successful Research Paper

Thursday, September 3, 2020

Top 20 Research Paper Writing Services Of 2020

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Wednesday, September 2, 2020

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Then, they should prove their knowledge and abilities by completing a number of checks and writing a pattern research paper. While a few of them are optional, others are the integral components of such assignment. Some students are good at structuring their works whereas others easily deal with bibliographies. That is why it is vital to make use of all your writing expertise to objectively current your key findings in an orderly and logical sequence using illustrative materials and text. This implies that while all different sections of the research paper use lively voice, passive voice remains to be essentially the most predominant in Materials and Methods sections. I forgot about a research paper an had solely 4 days left to finish it. Without Write My Research Paper service I would have failed. However, it didnâ€™t happen, because they helped with a research paper enhancing and I obtained accomplished paper just before the final deadline. Using them effectively helps the reader to follow your arguments. How to write down matter sentences A matter sentence sums up the primary level of each paragraph. However, creating an image or an argument should not be confused with information manipulation or falsification, which is a willful distortion of knowledge and results. If a few of your findings contradict your ideas, you must mention this and discover a plausible clarification for the contradiction. For many authors, writing the Results part is extra intimidating than writing the Materials and Methods part . If people are excited about your paper, they're interested in your outcomes. However, itâ€™s challenging to craft the entire sections equally nicely. You should do this if you want the best grade or score. Whatever your purpose for looking out help with writing a analysis paper is, we guarantee that with us you'll soon enjoy a high mark and approving smiles of your colleagues. We double-examine all the assignments for plagiarism and ship you solely original essays. Sign up shortly with out providing any private info and use our analysis paper service anonymously. This web page lists a number of the phases involved in writing a library-based research paper. Transition words and phrases in academic writing Transition words and phrases hyperlink collectively completely different concepts in your textual content. Another necessary aspect of this section is to create a complete and supported argument or a well-researched case. This implies that you should be selective in presenting data and choose solely those experimental particulars which might be essential for your reader to know your findings. You might have conducted an experiment 20 occasions and picked up numerous information, however this doesn't imply that you need to current all these information in your paper. 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Friday, August 28, 2020

Can I Pay Someone To Write My Research Paper

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Wednesday, August 26, 2020

High Quality Research Paper Writing Service For Affordable Price

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Sunday, August 2, 2020

An Introduction to Sharing Economy

An Introduction to Sharing Economy © Shutterstock.com | SkyPics StudioIn this article, we explore the 1) what is sharing economy?; 2) the fundamentals of sharing economy, as well as 3) the major players, and 4) the future of shareconomy.WHAT IS SHARING ECONOMY?Sharing Economy DefinedThe word â€œshareconomyâ€ is coined from the phrase â€œsharing economyâ€ which, to this day, remains to be a blurry concept to some, primarily because of how broad the subject is. This new economic model is considered to be a step away from the conventional models, since it focuses not on ownership, but on access to assets or resources. Sure, it tackles issues on production, distribution, consumption, supply and demand of goods and services â€" essentially what one would normally encounter in any economy.What sets it apart, however, is the emphasis on the concept of sharing and its application to these processes.In laymanâ€™s terms, a sharing economy is an economic model where assets are shared directly by stakeholders, after coordinati on has been conducted over the internet. Think Airbnb â€" probably the name most recognizable when it comes to sharing economy. People from practically any part of the world can now borrow or rent beds, rooms, cars, and other assets. And it is all done via communication among the parties over the internet.Sharing economy, or shareconomy, also goes by other names, such as collaborative economy, collaborative consumption peer-to-peer economy, and relationship economy, to name a few. When the idea first became widely recognized in 2011, it was dubbed by TIME Magazine as one of the â€œTen Ideas That Will Change the Worldâ€.A Brief History of Sharing EconomyWhen eBay was launched in 1995, the world saw a shift in how people gain access to goods and circulate them in the market. The continuous advancement of technologies, particularly those of a social nature, also contributed to the rapid movement of goods and services. The growth was so fast that the market had to find a way to keep up with it. There is also humansâ€™ natural instinct to concentrate solely on their self-interest when it comes to acquiring and using resources. As a result, depletion of these resources is inevitable. Supplies are low, while demand just keeps growing.The call for action was answered by one simple word: sharing. Collaboration.In the book entitled â€œWhatâ€™s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumptionâ€ in 2010, Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers first introduced the concept of shared social and economic activity. According to them, this â€œsocial revolutionâ€ entails the utilization of â€œshared and open resourcesâ€ across â€œmultiple platformsâ€ in order to create or derive value which, in turn, will benefit the community. According to Botsman, this type of economy puts great stock on trust, which is considered to be its main currency. Without trust, collaboration would not be possible, and sharing economy would fail.It is safe to say that what cemented this new economic mo del in place is the major leaps and bounds taken by information technology in recent years, providing more platforms for collaborative consumption to take place.As sharing economy began to take root, it then spread onto corporate cultures, introducing concepts such as connectivity, openness, community and building bridges. Corporations are now recognizing the importance of relationships â€" and sharing â€" in how they do business.THE FUNDAMENTALS OF SHARING ECONOMYTo gain a better understanding of what sharing economy is, it is time to take a closer look.Principles of Sharing economyEfficiency in the utilization of resources is very important in any economy, and it is no different in shareconomy. Here are some of the guiding principles of sharing economy that everyone should know about.Trust is its main currencyBotsman has reiterated on the importance of trust in creating reputation and building relationships in a sharing economy. In short, for a fair exchange to be successful, the parties to the transaction or exchange must be trustworthy. A supplier must be able to trust its consumers to pay and, in turn, consumers must be able to trust that the supplier will deliver what was agreed upon. Failure on the part of any participant to trust the others â€" and to live up to that trust â€" will lead to the failure of the transaction or exchange.Access over ownershipAs mentioned earlier, itâ€™s not about owning it; itâ€™s about gaining access to it. A consumer no longer has to limit himself into looking for goods that they can own. For example, instead of buying a boat, he can think about renting or borrowing one. In other words, enjoyment of the benefits of a good or service does not require ownership.No value is wastedIt has been said many times before that â€œunused value = wasted valueâ€. Idle capacity means zero capacity. Imagine a car that is used, say, only one out of five days. This means its utilized value is only up to 20%; the other 80% is value that is wasted, since it is not being utilized up to its maximum potential.Transparency and opennessMainly, this refers to the sharing of information in order to enable users to gain access to resources. A classic example would be the AirBnB network, which is comprised of providers of homes and living spaces. It has actively initiated openness of data, making its database available to larger communities of consumers looking for living spaces, thereby allowing for more possibilities of connections between service or goods providers and consumers.Sharing Economy DriversBusinesses would not adapt sharing economy, if not for certain forces that drive them towards making the shift. Here are some of the reasons why more and more organizations are getting in on the shareconomy bandwagon.Rapid population growth. Itâ€™s a two-pronged fork. As the population grows, demand for goods and services also increases, so there is a need to look for alternative ways to address the increasing demand for these resources. On the other hand, the increase in the population, which is at a fast clip everywhere in the world, also opens more doors and presents more opportunities for sharing and collaboration to take place.Rampant spread of poverty. Various crises taking place all over the world inevitably contribute to the rising poverty rates. These resulted to corresponding increases in unemployment and underemployment, as well as inequality in income and purchasing power of consumers. In order to adapt, there is a need to come up with alternative business models and economic structures.Rise of information technologies. The increase of smartphone users is just a small portion of what is now known as the rise of information technologies. Aside from mobile technologies, the huge popularity of social media, and how it figures greatly in consumerism, is also a major driving force of sharing economy. Certainly, it is now easier for people from different parts of the globe to communicate and transac t directly with others.The unstoppable growth of sharing economy or participants in collaborative consumption. This is a classic case of â€œeveryone else is doing it, so why shouldnâ€™t we?â€ To date, thousands of organizations and companies on a global scale are getting a piece of the shareconomy action, realizing large profits and revenues, and still growing at a fast rate.Sharing Economy Models or StructuresWhen adapted to various organizations and business, sharing economy does not have a single model. In fact, shareconomy allows more room for flexibility, so organizations and business could customize its processes. Here are some of the more common business models adapted in shareconomy.Service Fee modelQuite possibly the most common form of sharing economy structure, this business model entails the organization or the company acting as a matchmaker, matching consumers or buyers to sellers or service/goods providers, for a certain fee for their matchmaking services.Example: Air BnB and HomeAway both match guests to hosts. For every reservation booked via AirBnB or HomeAway, a service fee ranging from 6% to 12% is charged. The hosts are also charged a service fee of 3% of the total price, as payment for AirBnBâ€™s efforts in connecting them to guests.Freemium modelIn this structure, an organization or company offers a service, platform or app for free, but only up to a certain extent. Users are then given the option to upgrade, this time, for a fee.Example: Swap.com, an online service for swapping, trading or simply giving away pre-owned items within the United States offers its basic swap services free of charge. They even offer free storage of items being traded for a period of up to 9 months. When the 9-month period lapses, however, there are several options â€" with corresponding service fees â€" that are available to users.Re-Cycle and â€"SellAlso referred to as On-Sale model, this model has a company that directly acquires goods from customers, and th en resells them for a higher value, after recycling, enhancing or improving them.Example: Gazelle.com is a company that accepts trade-in cell phones and electronics for cash. They purchase gadgets from customers, recycle them, and sell them again. They make it easier for users to get their hands on smartphones at lower prices, while helping out other customers to get rid of their unwanted gadgets, and get paid for it!Advantages or Benefits Derived from Sharing EconomyCirculation of resources. And not just circulation, too, since it also encourages recirculation. This is certainly welcome news especially to concerns regarding the depletion of resources.Full utilization of resources. Thanks to sharing economy, there are no idle capacities or wasted resources. Resources are maximized and unnecessary waste and consumption are minimized and even eliminated.Development of a culture of trust. Companies are now recognizing the importance of building bridges â€" yes, even among and between c ompetitors. Since shareconomy is founded on trust among and between the stakeholders and participants, this economic model will strengthen relationships further.Increase in product or service variation. As more and more are in the act of â€œsharingâ€, there is a need to remain competitive. This will then encourage businesses or organizations to come up with variations on their product or service offerings. What sets them apart? What makes them the better choice? What value do they offer that similar companies do not, or could not?Evolution of the role of organizations or companies. In the past, a company probably only had one identity: as a service provider. With shareconomy, it can further expand its role and become a trusted advisor. Take AirBnB, for example. It could simply be a service that matches guests to hosts. However, it now takes on the role of an advisor, providing additional service to help guests make the best choice and get great value for their money. Sharing econom y also brings organizations closer to their target market, which is one of the cardinal rules of marketing: knowing who your customer or market is.Disadvantages or Risks Posed by Sharing EconomyOf course, sharing economy is not without its disadvantages or risks.The biggest disadvantage, by far, also arises from its biggest advantage: since itâ€™s about sharing, the issue on responsibility or accountability, as well as security, will be raised.Security issues. This has partly to do with the element of trust. If one party fails to deliver or keep its end of the bargain, there are serious consequences that must be dealt with. The fact that the platform used is the internet also poses some security risks, particularly in the utilization and sharing of information. Remember that itâ€™s not just payment details (e.g. credit card information, bank details) that will have to be revealed by users; personal identity information will also be involved.Accountability issues. This risk is higher in companies that act as third parties or intermediaries in two-party transactions. There are still possibilities that some accidents or incidents might occur. For example, two apartments were trashed, leading to safety issues and criticisms, and AirBnB, where the host apartment was booked, did not fully take responsibility for the incident. Issues regarding insurance coverages will also come into play, since most companies will naturally want to distance themselves from such occurrences, thereby avoiding liability altogether.In the case of AirBnB, it was apparent how, although it put in place a $50,000 insurance policy against theft and acts of vandalism leading to property damage, any personal liability was excluded.MAJOR PLAYERS IN SHARING ECONOMYThis time, let us take a look at two of the biggest names or leaders when it comes to sharing economy or collaborative consumption. © Flickr | Mila EuropeAirBnBAirBnB calls itself an â€œonline marketplace connecting people looking for unique accommodations to people who provide themâ€. It currently has listings in over 192 countries all over the world.Service / Product: To connect â€œhostsâ€ or people who are renting out their homes or living spaces to â€œguestsâ€ or people who are looking for accommodations or places to stay for specific periods of time.Market / Users: Seasoned and budget travelers, couchsurfersHow it works: Hosts provide information or details on spaces they want to rent out, ranging from single rooms to entire houses, to AirBnB, who will then include it in its database as listings. Information provided include, but are not limited to, the property or room type, price or rates, location, facilities or amenities, and any other additional services provided by the host.Travelers or guests have to sign up with AirBnB, browse the listings, and book reservations of their listing of choice. Paymen t details will also be submitted, since payment will be done through AirBnBâ€™s secure payment system, through various modes of payment.AirBnB charges the host a 3% fee as processing fee, and 6% to 12% service fee charged to the guest.ZipCarThis company, which is dubbed as the largest car sharing and car club service in the world, offers a â€œsmarter way to get around the cityâ€ by providing cars and vans to those who need them. It provides and alternative to the conventional method of renting cars.Service / Product: Instead of purchasing a car or going to a car rental, customers can now book and drive cars and vans of their choice.Market / Users: Customers who are in need of modes of transportation but are not keen on purchasing their own car or be saddled with poor or limited choices offered by regular car rental businesses.How It Works: Customers must be members of ZipCar, paying as low as $6 per month. They will then get access to a listing of thousands of cars, vans and simila r vehicles in various cities or locations around the globe. They will be issued their Zipcard.Customers get to decide whether to rent the cars by the day or by the hour and, best of all, they can have their pick from the many types of cars.Once a choice has been made, it is as easy as booking a Zipcar for the period desired. Aside from booking online, the service also allows booking to be done using their mobile app.All it takes to have control over the Zipcar is to tap the Zipcard to the windshield.Zipcar offers various rates and plans to suit usersâ€™ every need (and financial capability). Membership starts from $6 per month, while driving rates could go from $8 to $10 per hour. The rates already cover expenses for gas and insurance.SHARING ECONOMY AND THE FUTUREAt the moment, sharing economy is still not fully accepted by everyone, since there are still issues that need ironing out. Still, technology is bound to make more advances in the future, taking shareconomy along with it. Already, there are more and more names pitching in and making its presence felt in the shareconomy playing field. Even governments are joining in on the revolution.Naturally, the risks and challenges are also bound to be bigger. Innovators and brilliant minds have to be on their toes constantly, coming up with ideas that will maintain the balance of supply and demand in the marketplace.One thing is for sure, however: sharing economy is not just a fad or a passing trend. It is one that is sure to stay for years â€" nay, decades â€" to come, and we can all expect to see it evolve. We actually look forward to see how it will change over time. Image credits: Flickr | Mila Europe under Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

There Has Been An Increase In The Proportion Of Persons...

Ã¢â‚¬Å"There has been an increase in the proportion of persons who associate mental illness with dangerousness, violence, and unpredictabilityÃ¢â‚¬ (Markowitz, 2005: 3) With reference to this statement, what is the public understanding of the nature and extent of mental disorder and how accurate is this? Intro This essay will look at the public understanding of the nature of mental disorder and to what extent it is associated with dangerousness and violence. The essay will begin by exploring the publicÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s perspectives and opinions on the matter and the impact that the mentally ill have on crime rates. Specific social perspectives will also be explored.. And finally the clinical approach on mental disorders will be explored and the risk factors andÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Although stigmatizing attitudes are not only relatable to mental illness, the public attitudes towards mental illness tend to be more disapproving than towards people with physical illnesses (Piner and Kahle, 1984; Socall and Holtgraves, 1992; Weiner, Perry and Magnusson, 1988). Those with mental illnesses are viewed as being more likely to be responsible for their mental illness (Corrigan et al., 2000; 105). This assumptions is more towards those who suffer from substance additions and eating disorders rather than those who suffer from conditions such as schizophrenia (Angermeyer and Matschinger, 2004). Such attitudes as these therefore lead to discrimination. People in society are less likely to employ (Bordieri and Drehmer, 1986) and rent apartments (Page, 1977) to those suffering from mental illness, citizens are also more likely to direct false accusation s of violence to the mentally ill. (Explaining the increased arrest rate among mental patients: a cautionary note, 1980; Steadman, 1981) Although the stereotype towards the mentally ill is very current in society, it is not to say that all of the public agree with it. For example, there are many stereotypes of different ethnic groups but not everybody would agree with them. In contrast, prejudiced people will endorse these negative stereotypes, an example of this being that Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthose who are mentally ill are violentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, as a consequence this thenShow MoreRelatedAbnormal Psy Essay10046 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 41 PagesDefault Information Field: Difficulty Information Field: Page Information Field: Type Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No Chapter: Chapter 1: Introduction: Definitional and Historical Considerations and Canadas Mental Health System Multiple Choice 1. An illustration of abnormal behaviour would be: A) Soiling oneself once a month at age 14. B) Experiencing anxiety when engaged in rituals after leaving the house. C) Losing control of oneself inRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 526 Pagesencouragement About the Author About the Author David A. Clark, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada. He received his PhD from the Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, England. Dr. Clark has published numerous articles on cognitive theory and therapy of depression and obsessiveÃ¢â‚¬â€œcompulsive disorders (OCD), and is a Founding Fellow of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy. He is coauthor, with Aaron T. Beck, of Scientific Foundations of Cognitive

Sunday, May 10, 2020

Profile of Pakistans ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence)

PakistanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is the largest of the countrys five intelligence services. It is a controversial, sometimes rogue organization that Benazir Bhutto, the late Pakistani prime minister, once termed a Ã¢â‚¬Å"state within a state.Ã¢â‚¬ Its tendency to operate outside of the Pakistani governmentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s control is often at odds with American anti-terror policy in South Asia. The International Business Times ranked the ISI as the top intelligence agency in the world in 2011. How the ISI Became so Powerful The ISI became that Ã¢â‚¬Å"state within a stateÃ¢â‚¬ only after 1979, largely thanks to billions of dollars in American and Saudi aid and armament. Covertly channeled exclusively through the ISI to the mujahideen of Afghanistan, such funds aided the fight against Soviet occupation there in the 1980s. Muhammad Zia ul-Haq, Pakistans military dictator from 1977 to 1988 and the countrys first Islamist leader, positioned himself as the indispensable ally of American interests against Soviet expansion in South Asia. Zia promoted ISI as the indispensable clearinghouse through which all aid and armament would flow. Zia, not the CIA, decided which insurgent groups received financial support. The arrangement had far-reaching implications that the CIA didnt foresee, making Zia and the ISI the unlikely (and disastrous, in retrospect) hinge of U.S. policy in South Asia. The ISIÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Complicity With the Taliban For their part, PakistanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s leadersÃ¢â‚¬â€Zia, Bhutto, and Pervez Musharraf among themÃ¢â‚¬â€often used the ISIÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s double-dealing skills to their advantage. ThatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s especially true regarding PakistanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s relationship with the Taliban, which the ISI helped create in the mid-1990s and subsequently financed, armed, and kept in business to counter IndiaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s influence in Afghanistan. Either directly or indirectly, the ISI never stopped supporting the Taliban even after 2001, when Pakistan ostensibly became an ally of the U.S. in the war on al-Qaeda and the Taliban. British-Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid writes in his analysis of the failed American mission in South Asia between 2001 and 2008: even as some ISI officers were helping U.S. officers locate Taliban targets for U.S. bombers [in 2002], other ISI officers were pumping in fresh armaments to the Taliban. On the Afghan side of the border, [Northern Alliance] intelligence operatives compiled lists of the arriving ISI trucks and handed them to the CIA. Similar patterns continue to this day, especially on the Afghan-Pakistani border. Here, Taliban militants are likely warned by ISI operatives of impending American military action. A Call for the ISIÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Dismantling According to a report by the Defense Academy, a British Ministry of Defense think tank, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Indirectly, Pakistan [through the ISI] has been supporting terrorism and extremismÃ¢â‚¬â€whether in London on 7/7 or in Afghanistan or Iraq.Ã¢â‚¬ The report called for the dismantling of the ISI. In July 2008, the Pakistani government attempted to bring the ISI under civilian rule. The decision was reversed within hours, thus underscoring the power of the ISI and the weakness of the civilian government. On paper (according to the Pakistani Constitution), the ISI is answerable to the prime minister. In reality, the ISI is officially and effectively a branch of the Pakistani military, itself a semi-autonomous institution that has either overthrown PakistanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s civilian leadership or ruled over the country for most of its independence since 1947. Located in Islamabad, the ISI boasts a staff of tens of thousands, much of it army officers and enlisted men, but its reach is much more vast. It exercises that reach through retired ISI agents, plus militants under its influence or patronage. These include the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan and several extremist groups in Kashmir, a province Pakistan and India have been disputing for decades. The ISIÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Complicity With al-Qaeda As described in Steve Colls history of the CIA and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan since 1979: By the fall of 1998, CIA and other American intelligence reporting had documented many links between ISI, the Taliban, bin Laden and other Islamic militants operating from Afghanistan. Classified American reporting showed that Pakistani intelligence maintained about eight stations inside Afghanistan, staffed by active ISI officers or retired officers on contract. CIA reporting showed that Pakistani intelligence officers at about the colonel level met with bin Laden or his representatives to coordinate access to training camps for volunteer fighters headed for Kashmir. PakistanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Overriding Interests in South Asia This pattern reflects PakistanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s late-90s agendaÃ¢ Ã¢â‚¬â€which has changed little sinceÃ¢ Ã¢â‚¬â€to bleed India in Kashmir and ensure Pakistani influence in Afghanistan, where Iran and India also compete for clout, power, and authority. These controlling factors explain PakistanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s shifty relationship with the Taliban, bombing in one place while propping it up in another. Should U.S. and NATO forces withdraw from Afghanistan (just as American aid ended after the Soviet withdrawal from that country in 1988), Pakistan wants a controlling hand there. Supporting the Taliban is PakistanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s insurance policy against repeating the situation left behind after American withdrawal at the end of the cold war. As told by Bhutto in 2007, during one of her last interviews: Today, its not just the intelligence services, who were previously called a state within a state. Today its the militants who are becoming yet another little state within the state, and this is leading some people to say that Pakistan is on the slippery slope of being called a failed state. But this is a crisis for Pakistan, that unless we deal with the extremists and the terrorists, our entire state could founder. PakistanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s successive governments, in large part through the ISI, created the now seemingly out-of-control conditions that prevail in Pakistan and enable the Taliban, al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), and other militant groups to call the northwestern part of the country their sanctuary. Resources and Further Reading Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars: the Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. Penguin, 2005.Hussain, Yasir. The Assassination of Benazir Bhutto. Epitome, 2008.Ã¢â‚¬Å"Key Quotes from the Document.Ã¢â‚¬ Newsnight, BBC, 28 Sept. 2006.Rashid, Ahmed. Descent into Chaos: The U.S. and the Failure of Nation Building in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Penguin, 2009.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Borderline Personality Disorder Free Essays

string(150) " this depressant are realized within a period of three months in treating mood disorders and a period of six weeks if it is made to treat depression\." Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a type of a mental disease characterized by prolonged personality function failure, variability and disturbance of moods. Ultimately, it leads one to unstable and chaotic interpersonal relationships, behavior, identity, and self image. The proceeding results are periods of dissociation and isolation. We will write a custom essay sample on Borderline Personality Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now When one is disturbed this way, he or she may develop pervasive negativity within the facets of life psychologically. Difficult in developing and maintaining work, social settings and home relationships are experienced. When the victims are not given the effective therapy and proper care, complete or attempted suicides are possible outcomes (Kantor, 1993, pp. 135). Current research on this disorder has revealed the specific symptoms that can help one establish early signs of the disease. The first recognitive experience of this disease is a turmoil relationship that takes a hate-love track as time goes by. After perceived slight misunderstandings, victims of this disorder furiously and immediately drop their friends. The victims have a general difficult in agreeing on gray areas with the other people they interact with (Lachkar, 2004, pp. 23). Current research from Britain encyclopedia has come up with a wide range of the factors that may lead to this disorder. The causes are said to be complex and diverse. They include child sexual abuse or childhood trauma, brain abnormalities, environmental factors, neurobiological factors and genetic predisposition. The disease itself is mental but the repercussions mostly rest and affect social behavior of the concerned. The affected spends most of the time mentally alternating between extremes of devaluation and idealization. The perceived identity disturbance is generated because of the psychological unrest in evaluating ones sense of self and self image. In the process of finding a solution to these encounters, impulsive thought that are far much self damaging come in mind. They may include reckless driving, substance abuse, binge eating, eating disorders, promiscuous and unprotected sex (Lubbe, 2000, pp. 450). At individual level, suicidal threats, gestures and behavior are experienced. This may also be coupled with behaviors that are self mutilating including excoriation or interfering with body scars that may be healing, cutting or picking at oneself. Due to affective instability, moods can be marked by high reactivity such as irritability, dysphoria, and intense episodic or sometimes high anxiety. Chronic feelings such as worthlessness and emptiness, frequent displays of recurrent physical fights, constant anger and temper, dissociate symptoms, delusions, paranoid ideation and transient stress are symptoms that indicate prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder (Lachkar, 2004, pp. 24). The Chinese society of psychiatry has carried out an extensive study on the diagnostic paths in handling this mental illness. The diagnosisitnvolves the so called mood swings. Mood swings describes reactivity of mood and marked liability which can be defined as emotional dysregulation. It is a reaction of the victim to external intrapsychic and psychosocial stressors which is believed to subside or arise with time. The above medical research body has come up with several areas of concentration in the attempts to curb the prevalence of the disease globally (Muller, 1994, pp. 87). The approach in treating the disorder has ranged from socialization programs to medication programs. The medical section has given a prior attention to hospitalization, medications and psychotherapy interventions. After carrying out the research, the core treatment of the disorder is psychotherapy. The two mainly used and effective disorders are Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). It is an approach that applies high skills in teaching the regulation techniques of ones relationships, emotions and tolerating distress. It can be a face to face or phone counseling which can be done at individual level or through a group consultation. The second type of psychotherapy is the Transference Focused Psychotherapy (TFP). This kind of approach concentrates on the relationship between the victim of emotions and the therapist. It helps in understanding the challenges that may come along with social interactions and how to deal with the difficulties. These researchers have identified that medications can not adequately cure this disorder. They can only treat the problems that are associated with the disorder. It can approach and counter situations like anxiety, impulsitivity and depression. These medications include anti anxiety medications, antipsychotic and antidepressant. The hospitalization program is usually designed to keep the victim safe from self injury. Consultation of mental health providers gives the directions and precautions to undertake in containing the disease (Muller, 1994. pp. 87). The world health organization has also involved itself in the search for contingency measures in handling of the above disorder. It has proposed and enhanced group based psychological services. These programs motivate people to engage, participate and encourage group and solitary activities. It has thus developed therapeutic communities in Europe, that have led the campaigns towards treatment or lowering of the severity associated with this personality disorder. These communities focus on future prevention of the disease, handle the current victims and extend their material assistance to these individuals. The mission of these research organizations is to provide improved psychiatric rehabilitation services. The rehabilitation is achieved through encouraging engagement in meaningful activities and avoiding of social exclusion and stigmatic endeavors. The world organization also provides mutual support and promotes co-counseling groups all over the world to prevent unexpected and harmful spread of the disorder. The victim can get involved in alternative medicinal techniques. Doing exercises and ensuring physical fitness can be improved by including team sports and occupational therapy techniques. Engaging in a sort of employment encourages the spirit of self efficacy, competence and having a social role and obligation to perform in the society. This in turn promotes self esteem (McCallum, 2001, pp. 234). This body has also provided antidepressants called Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor that has been presented in randomized and controlled trials around the world. It has been reported to improve attendant symptoms related to depression, anxiety, hostility and anger. A higher dose of the above depressant is required in the treatment of mood disorders in comparison with depression. The benefits of this depressant are realized within a period of three months in treating mood disorders and a period of six weeks if it is made to treat depression. You read "Borderline Personality Disorder" in category "Papers" Mentalization based treatments assumes that victims of this disorder experience attachment disturbance because of parent child relations in the early childhood stages. Lack of enough early child attunement and mirroring by parents can result to the childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s mentalization deficiency. This lowers the capacity of such child to attach some kind of correlation between the mental state and the potential causing action. Under normal conditions, there must exist some kind of relatedness between the driving force towards an action and the state of the mind. Studies have attached the perceived mental failure in this disorder to problematic impulse control and instability in moods (Acocella, 1999, pp. 108). Mentalization oriented treatments highly and frequently employ psycho dynamically informed multimodal treatment criterion in the process of ensuring a sustained capacity of self regulation of the patient. This criterion goes ahead to incorporate both individual psychotherapy and group psychotherapy in an outpatient context, partial hospitalization or therapeutic community. Combination of these medical and non medical elements helps to reduce the emotional states which are closely associated with Borderline Personality Disorder. The categories of the disorders include feelings of victimization, feeling of lack of identity or fragmentation, feeling of self destructiveness and extreme need for isolation. When these people are completely attacked by the disorder they become hyper alert to signals of rejection, less or no valuation, insecurity, ambivalence, avoidance and demonstration of fearful preoccupation in relationship patterns. All these issues are encountered in the process of novelty seeking or intimacy seeking of the patients (Livesley, 2003, pp. 90). Cultural, age and gender considerations of the disorder Several studies upon the relatedness of this disorder to gender aspects or differences have been done. It is an area that has raised a lot of controversies and critics in the attempt of justifying the perspective that this disorder dominates in female gender as compared to the males. It has thus received a very high feministic criticism. A group of scholars believe that patients of this disorder have a history of abuse in lines to do with sex during their early childhood. This ideology argues that girls are more exposed to the danger of sexual abuse compared to boys, definitely and inevitably justifying that the disease is common among ladies. On the other hand, women who have survived childhood sexual abuse perceive traumatization when interacting with abusive mental health services. This happens because of the fact that Borderline Personality Disorder is a diagnosis full of traumatization and thus it evokes negative or abusive responses and answers from mental health providers. To acknowledge the abuse of sex inflicted on these women, several feminist thinkers have suggested that it is better to use diagnosis of post traumatic disorder for this class of women. This medication is however made to medicalize the disorder but it does not handle the root cause of the problem within the society (Acocella, 1999, pp. 180). Clinical officers respond differently to similar complains or symptoms, depending on whether it originates from a woman or a man. For example if both sexes report cases of angriness and other promiscuous behaviors a man is likely to be diagnosed by use of Antisocial Personality Disorder whereas a woman will be diagnosed with Borderline Personal Disorder. If a woman portrays manhood characteristics such as hostility, success or sexual activity, she is entitled to a diagnosis of personality disorder. If on the other hand the woman shows psychiatric symptoms that conform not to the sick role considered traditionally passive, she is likely to be labeled and considered as a difficult patient. This situation leads to the patient receiving the stigmatizing diagnosis of the borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder seemingly is associated with urban settings and low economic and social status. Diagnosis of this disease may at times be applied to the wrong group of persons or individuals. In some areas engagement in some behaviors is perceived as a protective approach or a presumed survival strategy. In making diagnosis analysis, it is of great importance for the clinician involved to consider the economic and social context in which the perceived emotional difficult occurred. Diagnosis of this disorder should not be performed before the age of eighteen years. This is because some observations made at early ages are associated with childhood. After this age, any symptoms can be diagnosed because every sense of maturity s assumed upon an individual (McCallum, 2001, pp. 234). Many sample based studies in the world have shown that the prevalence of this disorder in males is 1% and 3% in females. The origin of the individuals used in the sample has also contributed to variations in the studyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s results, depending on the surrounding social and economic scenarios. Urban settings have indicated a percentage of 30% prevalence compared to 3% found in rural areas. This state has prevailed in many nations because urban settings are subjected to many social evils and crimes that highly contribute to emotional reactions. Substance abuses are believed to be highest in towns and cities. This disorder does not have a well defined course in ones life. It is however believed through experimentations and research activities that it disappears as one gets older and older. It has been observed to disappear in the fourth decade of life cycle. The remission of this disorder is not however automatic but depends on the frequency of engaging in criminal activities or activities that can interfere negatively with ones psychological and emotional state. There is a natural impact that forces one to reduce the spectrum of behaviors such as substance abuse (McCallum, 2001, pp. 234). Future considerations of the disorder The future diagnosis of this disorder requires an improvement and a further consideration of emotional difficulties to avoid misconceptions. This is because many reports have been produced where this disorder is persistently misdiagnosed. If this problem is not properly handled, it may lead to marked distress. This also promotes impairment in occupational, role functional and social obligations of the patients. When diagnostic results are released, the patient simply believes in the results without any doubt. Any diagnosis whether true or not is very much impactive on the emotional state of the patient. The patient will therefore adapt the living styles of fellow partners who are suffering from the disorder. Any further research on this work should be in position to offer updated synthesis which concretely incorporates rational clinical attention and current scientific knowledge. It should comprehensively reconstruct the minds of patients for it to serve as a vital caveat utilizing the treatment recommendations with appreciations and not view them as limiting to their ambitions in life. The nature of supportive advance should determine the treatment recommendations. These recommendations should be keyed with respect to confidence level provided by coded evidence (Acocella, 1999, pp. 108). In the future, researchers should not only concentrate on the medication issues but also pay attention to the socialization programs that can be adopted to prevent and at the same time help to cure who are suffering from the disorder. Emotional complications can not occur when the social atmosphere is not disturbed. Borderline disorder is sensitive to the environmental state. It is just a psychological response or reaction towards an emotional embarrassment from a certain source. If sexual abuse among children at early childhood is minimized or stopped, the rate at which the disorder is spreading can be cut down to lower ends. Therefore, programs should be launched to encourage the public through sensitization programs to take a personal initiative, aimed at a collective goal, a counter reaction towards Borderline Personality Disorder (Livesley, 2003, pp. 90). Reference: Acocella Joan, 1999. Creating Hysteria: Women and Multiple Personality Disorder. London, Jossey-Bass publishers, pp. 108. Kantor Martin, 1993. A Guide to Avoidance and Avoidant Personality Disorder. Mahwah, NJ, Praeger publishers, pp. 135. Lachkar Joan, 2004. The Narcissistic/ Borderline Couple: New Approaches to Marital Therapy. London, Brunner-Routledge, pp. 23, 25. Livesley John, 2003. Practical Management of Personality Disorder. London, Guilford Press, pp. 90. Lubbe Trevor, 2000. The Borderline Psychotic Child: A Selective Integration. London, Routledge, pp. 450. McCallum David, 2001. Personality and Dangerousness: Genealogies of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Cambridge University Press, pp. 234. Muller Ryse, 1994. Anatomy of a Splitting Borderline: Description and Analysis of a case History, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 87. How to cite Borderline Personality Disorder, Papers

Thursday, April 30, 2020

Out of This Furnace free essay sample

The Characters of Out of This Furnace Thomas Bells novel Out of This Furnace tells the story of four working class immigrants, and how they fight adversity. Throughout the novel it becomes apparent that the characters have an interesting relationship that plays off of one another. Over the course of Out of This Furnace, what the characters Kracha, Mike, Mary, and Dobie have in common is that they live by the same ideals and are overtly effected by their environments, which in turn creates difference between them. The protagonists beliefs make them alike. They hold the values of family highly, and rely on each other. The fate of their loved ones means the world to them, and for this reason they persevere through whatever comes at them, though they have already sacrificed so much. Mike, though capable of achieving much more than what he does, works in a mill so that Mary and his children can live better right up until his death. We will write a custom essay sample on Out of This Furnace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a family, it is inherent that they hold the same morals, but the similarities go beyond that. They are all forced to adapt and react to their circumstances. As all immigrants did at that time period, they come in search of bettering their lives, to start anew in a place full of hopes and opportunity, but quickly realize that it is an uphill battle against seemingly insurmountable odds. Without other options, they find themselves scrambling to make ends meet however they can, facing terrible living conditions, deal with social discrimination, and face tragedy, yet continued to press on. Even with her husbands death, Mary tries as best she can to support her family in his absence. And when she herself dies, Dobie has no option but to become self reliant and keep going. With little to lose and everything to gain, the protagonists, as well as thousands of immigrants like them, relentlessly struggle to be recognized as American and to adapt to the world around them. On the other end of the spectrum, its the same circumstance that creates distinction between the protagonists. As everything around the characters changes, the characters may react differently. For instance, Kracha came to the United States with optimism and anticipation, however when he arrives the life of a working class immigrant proves to be hardly better than the life he left behind. He becomes disconnected and pessimistic, much unlike his original demeanor. To a separate effect, disaster befalls Dobie but by the time the book has ended things are going well for him. The hardships of life has forced Dobie to become a strong willed man. With the success of the Labor unions, Dobie has sees what he has always yearned for; social equality for workers and immigrants. The protagonists of Out of This Furnace are plagued by misfortune, poverty, and social injustice. Their lives are intertwined and greatly effected by each others actions, and similarities can be found between them such as their ethical makeup, correspondence to the events around them, as well as their differences in how to deal with these events. Out of This Furnace free essay sample Out of this Furnace, by Thomas Bell, tells the story of a multigenerational family of Slovakian immigrants. This family of five generations came to American in the late nineteenth century in search of a better life. One of the first to arrive, Djuro Kracha, arrived in the New World in the middle of the 1880s. The novel starts off telling of his voyage from the Ã¢â‚¬Å"old countryÃ¢â‚¬ and the labor he performed to accumulate enough money for his walk to Pennsylvania. He ventured on his journey to Pennsylvania in the search for a job in the steel mills. The story also tells of his rejection by the mainstream community as a Ã¢â‚¬Å"hunkey,Ã¢â‚¬ and the lives of his daughter and grandson. Soon enough though, the family becomes somewhat acculturate and even Ã¢â‚¬Å"Americanized,Ã¢â‚¬ and they soon become to resent the treatments they suffer. Their slow rise to business ownership was quickly ended by a series of events; a summer of DjuroÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s drinking habit, DjuroÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s return to his work in the steel mills, MaryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s marriage to a worker in the mills, and DjuroÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s grandsonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s disagreements with unfair labor prices. We will write a custom essay sample on Out of This Furnace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These events eventually intertwine with AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s transformation of the 1880Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s to the 1940Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s. During the 1880Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s to the 1940Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s, a wave of Eastern European immigrants grew in America, triggered by growing industries and advancing technology. This soon led to the establishment of steel mills, other factories, and plants which reshaped the American labor force. The experiences of Djuro and Mike, MaryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s husband, reflect a level of hostility towards Europeans from Ã¢â‚¬Å"mainstreamÃ¢â‚¬ Americans and earlier. Without a doubt, the KrachaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s were negatively affected by stereotypes and attributions. However, the men and women who desired citizenship in the New World, Bell suggested only desired it to improve their lives and the futures of their families. Bell does not portray any immigrants who fail to accept the necessity of hard work. Therefore, DjuroÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s minor episode of drunkenness shouldnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t take away from the years of efficient and effective work he completed to achieve his Ã¢â‚¬Å"American dream. Ã¢â‚¬ Another point Bell seemed to make clear was that MikeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s idealism was a consequence of his own desire to participant in that dream. The novel is set at a time when most people believed that the diverse ethnic groups entering the United States actually had a damaging effect on culture. Dobie Dobrejcak wanted to improve working conditions, treatments, economic prospects, and the lives of working men. His beliefs of possible social transformation actually confirmed the American Dream and the willingness of people to chase their dreams, even against great odds. The majority of immigrant groups that traveled to America went in search of freedom and economic opportunity. These immigrants, in all actuality, made huge contributions to the growth of the country. Westward expansion was made possible for workers, even today; immigrants work jobs that might have otherwise gone begging. Thomas Bell even argues that the Jews, Catholics, the Irish and the Slavs were the ones that made AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s achievements and progresses possible. Bell uses Mike and MaryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s lives to reference the AmericansÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ want and demand for immigrants during expansion, and to express how out of favor immigrants were during AmericaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s recessions. As the 1920s came around, recession and depression made immigrant workers unpopular and unnecessary. This novel tremendously expresses the lives of immigrants like the KrachaÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s and DobrejcakÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s and explains their want to achieve parity and equality. In the book, however, the term Ã¢â‚¬Å"AmericanÃ¢â‚¬ did not change. The thing that truly changed was the determination to work against forces trying to prevent the family from entering the mainstream society. To truly understand the Ã¢â‚¬Å"American ExperienceÃ¢â‚¬ an immigrant had to realize that it was not a classical experience. It is known that early colonists and new immigrants coming to the United States had the same dreams and values. To them, the New World represented land opportunity, freedom of religion, the ability to overcome an aristocratic Old World, and the freedom to develop oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s own wishes. The topic of immigration in America has always sparked massive controversy. Some people believed anyone had the right to move from country to country as they pleased. Others thought the immigrant population actually benefitted the country by facilitating economic growth, development, and prosperity. The Americans against immigration mainly focused on the differences of new cultural groups. Mostly though, the Native American party argued that the country was about to receive a threat due to the massive increase in the body of residents of foreign birth, imbued with foreign feelings, and of ignorant and immoral character who receive the elective franchise and the right of eligibility to political offices. Others thought that new immigrants hurt American society because of their lack of education, their impoverishment, lack of skill and their Catholic and Jewish religions. Early opposition to specific immigrants was focused on any groups perceived as inferior to the Anglo-Saxon stock. Disagreements on immigration focused mainly on the immigrantÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s lack of adaptability based on different ethnic groups. The views of non-immigrants were that; foreigners lower the intelligence, efficiency, and orderliness plane, they increased alcoholism, crime, and immorality, the barriers of speech, education, and religious faith cause divisions, and that immigrants add to the number of poor people, tend to be illiterate, and cause overpopulation. Early settlers of the United States were a mixture of whites, Anglo- Saxons, and immigrants. Every ethnic group that has come into the United States has helped shape the American dream and shared that experience, rather happily or not. A major shaping of our economic system resulted from the influence of immigration that helped bring dramatic changes in our population census. The United States of America can mean a variety of different things to several different people. The core of the Ã¢â‚¬Å"American dreamÃ¢â‚¬ is without a doubt, freedom and equality. However, this nation was founded on republican principles of justice for all, friendship with all nations, and alliances with none. Since then, these principles have undergone several changes. For example, today the United States has many Ã¢â‚¬Å"alliancesÃ¢â‚¬ that influence its domestic and foreign policies. Nevertheless, Ã¢â‚¬Å"justice for allÃ¢â‚¬ remains intact and continuously attracts new immigrants each year, while trying to determine what really constitutes Ã¢â‚¬Å"justice and equality. Ã¢â‚¬